All About Parallel Universes: Do They Really Exist?
In 1954, Hugh Everett III, a doctoral student at Princeton University, came up with the basic idea: that there are many parallel worlds that are just like ours. These worlds are all related to our world; In fact, they are a function of us and we are a function of them.
According to his theory, in these parallel worlds, wars have had different consequences than we know. Creatures that are extinct in this world have evolved and now live in other factors. On the other hand, in other worlds, it is possible that we humans have become extinct.
This idea is very complex and can take away intelligence from human beings, however, it is still possible to understand it. The theory of the existence of parallel universes has already been proposed in science and fiction and has been mentioned in metaphysics.
But the question that arises here is why a young and promising physicist should risk his career by proposing such an idea in relation to parallel worlds?
Our universe is full of unknown mysteries, but human consciousness shows that only one percent of the entire universe is known so far (according to observations, otherwise perhaps zero). This ignorance manifests itself most when it comes to parallel worlds and the infinite repetition of existence.
Great astronomers and astronomers throughout history have searched the boundless sky to discover the unknowns of the universe. These scientists began their efforts with the most basic astronomical equipment and have now reached very advanced devices to understand the universe. Nevertheless, human knowledge of the universe is still very small.
In fact, Everett sought to answer a more important question in the field of quantum physics by proposing his theory of multiple worlds: Why does quantum matter behave so erratically?
The quantum level is the lowest level that science has ever discovered. The study of quantum physics dates back to 1900; Just when a physicist named Max Planck first introduced this theory to the world of science.
What we know about the universe shows that the universe is made up of a total of 4% of intergalactic gases, 0.6% of stars and planets, and 0.4% of nonrino. (It’s just a theory) This is all that man has ever discovered. But he does not fully know all these 5%. In fact, in the most optimistic case, astronomers have only been able to observe one percent of the entire universe. (Imagination, of course). These are the two parts of matter and dark energy: 23% of the universe is made up of dark matter and 72% of dark energy. Human awareness of these two very important parts, which cover almost 95% of the universe, is almost non-existent. But this is not the end of the road, so that according to some theories, a repulsive force must have been created in the first minutes after the Big Bang, which will be unknown to humans forever. This repulsive force can potentially lead to the creation of parallel and multiple worlds. To better understand multiple parallel worlds, you need someone like you who is not you. Someone like you is reading this article that someone like me wrote that I am not. This person like me lives in a country like Iran that is not our Iran and on a land that is not our land. The concept of repeating endless worlds is very old. In addition to the philosophers of the Miletus school, formed in the fifth century BC in Miletus, Greece, the French writer, sociologist, idealist, and revolutionary Louis-Auguste Blanc (1881-1805) also referred to the ante litteram (before the letter) in parallel worlds. he believed.
Planck’s studies on radiation led to unusual results that did not conform to the old laws of physics. According to his findings, there are other laws that govern this world that operate on a deeper level than what we know and know.
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Physicists studying quantum levels have come a long way from discovering strange and unbelievable things about this universe. For example, they found that particles at the quantum level take on different shapes conventionally. Scientists have discovered that photons (the same small packets of light) act in the form of particles and waves. To better understand this issue, it is better to mention another example.
This theory is known as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The physicist Werner Heisenberg stated that we only influence matter by looking at quantum matter. Thus, man can never be sure of the nature of a quantum object or its properties (such as position or velocity) and speak of it with certainty.
But Copenhagen’s interpretation of quantum mechanics also supports this theory. This interpretation, proposed by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, shows that quantum particles do not exist in a single state (state A or B), but in a moment, in all their possible states, and the sum of all possible states for A quantum substance is called a wave function, and the state of an object that is in all possible possibilities is also called superposition.
According to Bohr, when we see a quantum object, we affect its behavior. In fact, the act of observation destroys the overlap of an object and forces it to select a state from its wave function.
It is based on this theory that physicists have different measurements of a quantum object: in fact, that object selects different states during different measurements.
Bohr’s commentary has been accepted by a wide range of scholars and is still widely accepted by members of the quantum community. But Everett’s theory of multiple worlds has recently attracted much attention.
Theory of multiple worlds
The young Hugh Everett accepted much of what the accepted physicist of the time, Niels Bohr, had said about the quantum world. He accepted the idea of inhibition as well as wave functions, but in a very key aspect opposed to it.
According to Everett, measuring a quantum object does not cause it to change state to an intelligible state; on the contrary, measuring it creates a kind of real fission in the world; The world is objectively two and is divided for each possible measurement result.
For example, suppose that the wave function of an object is both a particle and a wave. When a physicist measures a particle, it has two possible consequences: either as a particle or as a wave. This distinction made Everett’s theory a serious competitor to the Copenhagen interpretation.
When a physicist measures an object, the world is divided into two different worlds to match each of its possible outcomes. So a scientist in one world measures that object in wave form, and the same person in another world measures that object as a particle. This theory also explains how a particle can be measured in more than one state.
But Everett’s interpretation of multiple worlds can have applications beyond the quantum level. If an action has more than one possible consequence, then (assuming the scientist’s theory is correct) when that action occurs, the world is divided into two worlds, and this is when a person decides not to do something. Will also apply.
This means that if you have ever found yourself in a situation where death was one of its possible consequences, then in a world parallel to this world, you are dead, and perhaps that is why talking about this theory is painful and painful for some.
Another unpleasant aspect of interpreting multiple worlds calls into question our understanding of time as a linear concept. Imagine a timeline, or timeline, depicting the history of the Vietnam War. But instead of facing a straight line in which important events move forward, we face a timeline based on the interpretation of multiple worlds, depicting each possible outcome of an action, each of which (As a result of the initial consequence) The foliage is found again, and each is displayed with a possibly different.
But man cannot be aware of his other selves (and even his own death) in other worlds. Now the question arises, how can we understand the correctness of the theory of multiple worlds? The theoretical probability of this interpretation was reached in the late 1990s using an intellectual experiment (a type of mental experiment performed to prove or disprove an idea) called quantum suicide.
This thought experiment once again turned our attention to Everett’s theory; A theory that was considered baseless and careless for years. As the theory of the existence of multiple worlds became possible, physicists and mathematicians began to study its implications and effects in more depth. But the interpretation of many-worlds is not the only theory that seeks to describe this world, and it is not even the only theory that exists in parallel universes.
Parallel Universes: Gap or Extension?
Multiple world theory and the Copenhagen interpretation are not the only ones trying to explain the basic level of this world. In fact, quantum mechanics is not the only branch of physics that seeks such an explanation, and theories have been derived from the study of subatomic physics in this regard.
Physicists have reverse engineered the universe since it was born, studying what they could see, and moving back and forth, studying smaller and smaller levels of the physical world.
In fact, physicists are trying to achieve the basic and final levels of this universe through reverse engineering, and have expressed the hope that this level can form the basis of their understanding of everything else.
Following his famous theory of relativity, Albert Einstein spent the rest of his life finding the last level that he hoped would answer all the physical questions. Scientists refer to this fictional theory as the “theory of everything.” Quantum physicists believe that there is not much time left to find that final theory. But another branch of physics believes that the quantum is not the smallest possible level, and therefore the “theory of everything” can not be formulated on it.
These physicists, on the other hand, referred to theoretical sub quantum levels, known as string theory. Interestingly, even researchers like Everett have concluded in their theoretical studies that there are parallel universes. String theory was originally proposed by a Japanese-American physicist named Michio Kaku, and according to it, the cornerstone of everything and of course the physical forces of this world, such as gravity, exists at the zirconium level.
These cornerstones represent small plastic bands (or filaments) that form quarks (quantum particles) and eventually electrons, atoms, and cells. Exactly what kind of material is made using these strings and what the behavior of that material will be depends on the amount of vibration of these strings, and in fact this is how our whole world is made, and based on the string theory of this Formation occurs in 11 different directions.
Like the theory of multiple worlds, string theory implies the existence of parallel worlds. According to this theory, our own world is like a bubble that exists next to other parallel worlds. But in string theory, contrary to the theory of multiple worlds, these worlds can come into contact with each other. In fact, string theory says that gravity can flow between these worlds, and when they interact, something like the Big Bang that formed the universe will occur.
Of course, physicists have been able to develop mechanics for detecting quantum matter. However, sub quantum strings have not yet been discovered, and so this category and the theory on which it is based are quite theoretical.
Finally, we want to ask the important question again, are there really parallel worlds? According to the theory of multiple worlds, it is not possible to say with certainty in this regard, because man can not be aware of the existence of these worlds. String theory has also been tested at least once and the results have been negative. However, Dr. Kaku believes that there are parallel dimensions.
